The Music Of Hip Hop - 1214 Words

Hip hop is a very broad subculture due to the fact that it is comprised of so many other subcultures. The four main factions of Hip hop are MCing(master of ceremonies) better identified today as rapping, DJing (disk jockey), breakdancing and Graffiti. Break dancing is known as â€Å" the physical manifestation of the hip hop style†(Rose 47). The Hip hop subculture has a long lineage and the four main factions where all foraged together in the same place at the same time. Even though the culture at the time was viewed as deviant hip hop slowly became a very popular subculture in America. Due to the fact that Hip-hop is so popular makes me believe that the breaking subculture has been absorbed into mainstream culture. Break dancing was first performed by underprivileged black and Puerto Rican youth in the mid-1970’s at the height of disco s popularity. The purpose of a disco DJ at the time was to hide or erase the breaks in between the songs. It was within these breaks that break dancers would come out and â€Å"[execute] moves that imitated the rupture in the rhythmic continuity as it was highlighted in the musical break†. Hence the name breakdancers.(Rose 47) The moves that are done in breakdancing share resemblances to a number of Afro-diaspora dances and well as African American dances, Afro- Brazilian martial arts dance Capoeira and even common dances don in the 1920’s. While the dance moves are deeply rooted in the cultures that created them, they are not just limited toShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of The Hip Hop1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of incontestable urban-playboy bragging. â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† was not the first single but, it is generally considered to be the song that made hip hop in the United States popularRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of undeniable urban-playboy bragging. While it was not the first single to feature rapping, it is generally considered to be the song that first popular ized hip hop in the UnitedRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune, and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It has spread in the United States at the beginning ofRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop1116 Words   |  5 Pageschanged the face of music. Artists like Michael Jackson, Frank Sinatra, Madonna and many more that has changed and established cultures of different genres. However the artists that I feel has changed the culture of hip-hop genre are still in control of it still today. The artists are Jay-Z, Nas, and Kanye West, some of the greatest of all time. To me t hey remind of Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, and Paul Pierce because they’re some of the greatest that are still relevant in today’s hip-hop game. All of themRead MoreHip Of Hip Hop Music1128 Words   |  5 Pages Hip Hops Redemption Hip hop music is described as, â€Å"a subculture especially of inner-city youths who are typically devotees of rap music†. (Merriam.com) Hip hop music is one of the most listened to genres in history. Hip-hop music started in the mid 1970’s, but some say that it started much earlier. Many people today would argue that Hip Hop is disgraceful now a days, and that it has no positive message given. Me personally, I would agree since the days have changed overRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages Since the birth of Hip Hop in the 70s, controversial topics have always been one the forefront of discussion. Media sources, like The Source, founded in 1988, have been a platform to broadcast the triumphs and disasters that face the hip hop community has faced. In addition to displaying media, they have made a platform where they also broadcast some of the letters that their audience wrote back about their content in a section titled â€Å"Letters.† With each decade since having its own set of issuesRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the ages, genres such as Rock and Roll, Pop, RB, and Funk ruled the music spectrum. Before the flow of an emcee rocked the crowd with his/her rhythmic flow, a significant day in music history would soon influence the music industry, cultures, fashion, and make this new genre into a global phenomenon. This significant day was marked on August 13, 1973, or also known as the birthday of Hip-Hop. While Hip-Hop can be commonly be associated with being an emcee/rapper, the art of emceeing didn’tRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustices, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clothing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music2527 Words   |  11 Pagesstudy of hip hop music has been cited well throughout its growth over time. The purpose of this paper is intended to discuss hip hop culture and address cultural stereotypes associated with rap and hip-hop music, but also how its original lyrical intentions were forms of expression and art. It will begin by guiding the reader through how it originated, its influence with the African-Americans with its subculture and popularity in urban areas, its styles of evolving, the introduction of hip hop and rapRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1699 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop is a cultured style that started in the 1970’s. Majority of different funk groups began playing disco music at that time it was popular. During this time funk mu sic was technology driven more electronic sounds were being used on the drum machines. Funk was the new dance in the early 70’s. This particular style of singing in which was being used is called rapping, this begun in African American, Urban Areas, Jamaican American, Latino American and many others cities of the United States. The

A College Rubric For Papers

A College Rubric For PapersMany students find that using a college rubric for papers is essential in helping them make sense of their assignment. It also helps to organize the assignments that are too much for one person to handle. While it may seem tedious to compose one's own college rubric, it will save time, work and frustration.Firstly, it helps to determine which paper should be used for what grade. Depending on the subject, paper may be graded A, B, C, D or F. It should then be noted if the paper has any cross-references in the final form. This is particularly true for paper that references another paper from a different class within the same subject.Papers should also be marked accordingly. If they have several spelling and grammatical errors, they should be marked correctly. In some cases, the grade of an essay depends on the student's level of comprehension. If a student cannot read or understand the paper, the grade will be lower than if they could read and understand the material.It is also helpful to note which type of paper should be used for what subject. For example, research papers should be marked D, Journal papers should be marked E, and essays should be marked F. The exact type of paper a student has written should then be labeled appropriately.Students should also include any notes about the student's work in the bottom half of the form. There, the student can state the reasons why they chose a certain mark or grade. They can also indicate that they can not read or understand the topic. In many cases, students can also indicate how much or little time they spend studying each day.It should be noted that the rubric should always be written in cursive and should also be double spaced. The use of Roman numerals and capital letters should also be avoided. It is also best to use the standard font. The standard font can help a student to write the words in the correct manner.The format of the paper should also be clear. The center part of the for m should have a title and the requirements section. The requirements section is the area in which the student has to list all of the information they are expected to do. All of the work that is required for the paper should be listed in this section.It is important to include all of the information that is required, even if the final data does not match up with the requirements. The requirements section should always be in upper case letters. The goal of the requirements section is to keep the student from missing any items that they are expected to complete. When the requirements are listed in upper case letters, they are more likely to be read than when they are listed in lower case letters.

Power Prep Online - Practice Test 1 Essay Samples to Improve Your Writing Skills

Power Prep Online - Practice Test 1 Essay Samples to Improve Your Writing SkillsIf you are one of the people who is learning how to write essays then you will definitely be pleased to know that there are power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples that you can use for studying. This particular topic is one that many people can really benefit from but it is still one that a lot of people tend to neglect when they are first getting started with the process.For most people, just as a few months or even a year goes by without any success in writing their papers, the thought of going back to an essay-writing class might just seem like a bad idea. You should understand that the method of writing essays is very much about the subject matter of the paper and what you are trying to accomplish with your paper. There are times that it may also require you to use a particular style when you are writing your essay as well, which may actually be a huge time saver to have to take into conside ration if you are already juggling a large number of assignments.Thankfully, there are power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples that can help you learn the proper way to proceed when you are writing your essay. One of the best ways to start when it comes to practicing how to write your essay is to look up the sample you would like to utilize. That way, you will not only have a good idea on what you are looking at, but also, you will get to see how each sample works and how easy they are to use. It is likely that you will end up utilizing a variety of these resources and, in turn, getting a greater understanding of how to create your own.As you are reading through the power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples, keep in mind that they are probably not the only things that you can choose to use. Many of the assignments that you will need to study will provide you with a number of different forms of study materials and ideas to help you learn how to improve on your resea rch skills. Some of the topics that you will need to be familiar with include grammar, logic, and references.The power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples that you can find are all based on what you need to know about the subject area of your essay. It will also give you some ideas on how to improve on your essay, such as how to add some sort of impact to your essay. You will want to make sure that you are using the correct format when you are using the power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples so that you are able to see the results right away.Once you have all of the essay samples out in front of you, you can then evaluate them to determine which ones will work best for you. Do not try to force yourself to use more than one of the power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples until you are sure that you have enough practice.Of course, you do not need to do this exercise every time you are done with a power prep online - practice test 1 essay samples. Instead, m ake sure that you are ready to move on to the next task on your list when you finish. This will not only allow you to make better decisions during your assignment, but it will also allow you to move on to the next part of your assignment that you have yet to finish.

Math Ia Free Essays

Math IA Math Internal Assessment EF International Academy NY Student Name: Joo Hwan Kim Teacher: Ms. Gueye Date: March 16th 2012 Contents Introduction Part A Part B Conclusion Introduction The aim of this IA is to find out the pattern of the equations with complex numbers by using our knowledge. I used de Moivre’s theorem and binomial expansion, to find out the specific pattern and make conjecture about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Ia or any similar topic only for you Order Now I basically used property of binominal theory with the relationship between the length of the line segments and the roots. Part A To obtain the solutions to the equation ) | | Moivre’s theorem, (| | equation, we will get: , I used de Moivre’s theorem. According to de . So if we apply this theorem in to the (| | ) ( (| | ) ) | | ( ) If we rewrite the equation with the found value of , it shows (| | ( ( ( ( ) )) )) Let k be 0, 1, and 2. When k is 0, ( ) ( ) v v Now I know that if I apply this equation with the roots of ( ) ( ) we can find the answers on the unit circle. I plotted these values in to the graphing software, GeoGebra and then I got a graph as below: Figure 1 The roots of z-1=0 I chose a root of and I tried to find out the length of two segments from the point Z. I divided each triangle in to two same right angle triangles. By knowing that the radius of the unit circle is 1, with the knowledge of the length from D or Z to their mid-point C is length of the segment segment ) v , I found out . So I multiplied this answer by 2. And I got the v . I used same method to find out the length of the . (v v Figure 2 The graph of the equation z^3-1=0 after finding out line segment Thus we can write that the three roots of , and we can also factorize the equation by long division. Since I know that one of the roots is 1, I can divide the whole equation by (z-1). And then I got . So if we factorize the equation as: ( )( ) As question asks I repeat the work above for the equations . Using De Moivre’s theorem, can be rewritten as: ( ) Suppose So the roots of the equation are . As we can see the graph below, I drew a graph of the roots and connected two other from a point A. The question wants me to find out the length of the line segments which I connected from a single roots to two other roots, . Since are isosceles right-angle triangles with two sides of 1. With the basic knowledge of right triangle with two I found out that the length of the v v Figure 3 Graph of z^4-1=0 before finding out the line segment Figure 4 Graph of z^4-1=0 after finding out the line segments Again I am finding out the roots of ( ( ( Suppose that the k is equal to 0,1,2,3 and 4. ) ) ) ( ( ( ( I plotted those roots of the equation ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) in to GeoGebra and on an Argand Diagram. And as shown below I found out the length of the line segments Figure 5 Graph of z^5-1=0 before finding out the line segments Figure 6 Graph of z^5-1=0 after finding out the line segments So if I rewrite the lengths of line segments for each different equations and , they are: , ( ) ( ) , | | | | | ( ( ( ( )| )| ( ) )| ( ) )| ( )| With my values of distance of the line segments between the chosen root and others, I made a conjecture that says ( | ( | | ( [ ]) |) ( | ( |) ) † I tried to prove this conjecture. But as shown below, it is impossible to prove due to unknown amount of multiple of the sin properties ( ) Then I tried to prove it by binominal expansion, which is totally different way. I drew a graph of an equation (shown below) and connected between a root to all the other roots. Figure 7 The graph of z^n-1=0, with its roots connected As shown above, the graph has certain amount of roots, and they are connected to a root as told in the problems. And the lengths of those line segments are able to be written as ( So I rewrote the equation ( And with the knowledge of ( )( )( )( ) ( ) )( ) in the form of )( )( ) ( ) And since the angles , And I will have ( ) And then, with the binominal expansion, I folded it out, and got ( ( ( ( ) ( ) ) )( )( )( ) ( ) ) ( ) And I can find out that ( ) ( ( ( )( ) )( ) )( ( ) ( ) ) And I know that ( ) , so with this knowledge, I rewrote ( ( )( ) )( ( )( ( ) ) And all those ( to zero. So it finally has )and ( ) refer ( ( ( ( ( ) ( )( )( )( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ) ) And there are two condition where n can be even number or odd number, And according to this condition the value of n ( { ) | | | | So the total product of the length of the line segment equal to the power of the equation Proved. And I factorized When I factorized ( ( ( )( )( , I got the answers like: )( ) ) ) And I also tried to test my conjecture with some more values of For ( ) Suppose ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) Figure 8 The graph of z^6-1=0 with line segments The product of lengths of the line segments are v v For ( Suppose ) Figure 9 The graph of z^7-1=0 with its line segments Part B I am going to find the solutions of this equation for each Moivre’s theorem to obtain solutions to the equation . And I will use de . And I also drew diagrams for each roots of the equation s. I used Geo Gebra to represent each roots of the equation on the Argand Diagram. So, when ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) v v ( ) ( ) Figure 10 The graph of roots of equation z^3=i As shown above, the equation has three distinct roots. And the distance of arc between each neighboring roots are same with others. Roots of this equation increase by are three roots on the unit circle. , so we can find that there When ( ( ( ) ) ) Suppose ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) Figure 11 The graph of roots of equation z^4=i When n=5, ( ( ) ) Suppose ( ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ) Figure 12 The graph of roots of the equation z^5=i Basically all the roots we found are on the lane of the unit-circle, because we use the complex ( ) number whose modulus is 1. ] . So if I generalize the equation of , I would get: ( ( So for the equation like equation is Generalize the equations of , ) ) that satisfy this ( ). And I can should be (0+1i)= i. And the value of into , where n=3,4 and 5. rad. So we can change the equation ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) With the knowledge of in the right triangle of a b So With the knowledge v It is possible state that This generalization is proved naturally as we found out that the angle of the roots is . When But when | under the condition of | | | has a generalization of the generalization would change as Conclusion I found out some patterns about two different equation: some conjectures that led me to find out and prove it. For of all length of the line segments connected form a root to others. . There were n is equal to the product How to cite Math Ia, Essay examples

The Historical Period Of One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich Livin

The Historical Period of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich: Living Eight Years in a Day One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is a story of a man, Ivan Denisovich, during only one day of his sentence in a labor camp in Russia. The novel recounts in a fictional story, the experiences of Solzhenitsyn himself, and of his observations during his "stay" as a foundryworker and bricklayer, just as Shukov was in Solzhenitsyn's novel (One Day... 204). Sent to the Special Camps of Stalin in 1950, he experienced the life of a camp laborer as a political prisoner (Solzhenitsyn 1). Later exiled for life, he began work on the book secretly and recalled the memories with which he constructed the story, yet historical account, of life in a soviet labor camp. Within the text of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, one finds constant references to the actual dress, code of conduct, and language of the prisoners. For example, Shukov, the main character, is a member of gang 104, number S-854 (One Day... 4,6). During their imprisonment, the laborers were assigned numbers of identification: Not only was this an attempt to keep a foothold on some type of organization of the prisoners, but it was also a device of the government to psychologically destroy the individuality of each prisoner, making him a number, burning his name with the clothes that he'd worn on the train ride to the camp (Ratushinskaya ch.4). This practice was much like and even patterned after the practices of the Nazis in their camps in which they imprisoned and humiliated the Jews. Similarly, the crimes for which soviet prisoners were charged ranged from general criminal offenses to ludicrous breaches of petty laws and incriminating political whispers--anything that may remotely threaten the safety of Stalin's position in power. Historical documentation of these offenses finds not only Solzhenitsyn himself imprisoned for his "anti-Stalinism" remarks embedded within a discreet letter to a friend (Solzhenitsyn 1), but also the imprisonment of other authors as well. For example, Pasternak and Akhmatova were silenced by Stalin's iron fist for their anti-Stalinist poetry, though brilliant and exquisite (Yarmolinsky 191). Furthermore, attesting to the historical accuracy of the novel, this imprisonment of poets is found in Irina Ratushiskaya's documentation of her own imprisonment as an young, up-and-coming shining star in Russian literature, only to have her efforts quaffed, burned, and she herself, subjected to live as a zek, or prisoner, in the camp (Ratushinskaya ch. 3, 5, 10). Zek-life, as it was called by Ratushinskaya in her book Grey is the Color of Hope, was much like that of the prisoners in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich; Irina, imprisoned nearly 45 years after the time period in which One Day... was set. The vulgar language and unabashed forwardness of both wardens and prisoners exhibits the baseness of the camps(One Day... xiix). Solzhenitsyn described the zeks as being supplied with a minimal amount of clothing and barely minimal amount of food, subjected to strip searches in the middle of winter, and expected to work everyday, maintaining their health (One Day... 37) "Each prisoner was allowed one shirt and one vest. Everything else had to come off.." was the mandate for clothing (One Day... 37). Later is said about Shukov and of the lack of food, "The amount of oats Shukov fed to the horses when he was a boy, and he never thought he'd long for a handful himself one day!"Subjected to the extreme cold of the region, the dampness of the bui ldings, the lack of food, prisoners suffered emotionally, physically, and spiritually. `One of the main elements of persecution was based on differences in beliefs: A Baptist, even--anyone whose beliefs may conflict with the efforts of The Party (One Day... 38)--stood his ground beneath the persecution of Stalin. This example was one, even though a fictional one, of many. Documented in Ratushinskaya's book is the plight of the "nuns" who, in their refusal to leave their traditional faith to join the reconstructed Russian Orthodox Church (Ratushinskaya 53). Similarly, have other orientations been persecuted as well, including sexual orientation. The noted author and Russian Literary great Pushkin was himself a

Wide sargasso sea essays

Wide sargasso sea essays 1. We have stated that the narrator and focalizor in the novel Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys are identified with Antoinette in the first and third part of the novel and with Rochester in the second part. Read pages 89 to 98 and 126 to 127; consider whether this generalization remains constant in the way specified. Why? In the second part of the novel the narrator and the focalizor is Mr. Rochester, Antoinettes husband. However, in some sections of this part he is interrupted, by Antoinette from pages from 89 to 98 and by Christophine on pages 126 127. It may be said that this is so because the writer wanted to object to the imagine of Antoinette that was created by Rochesters retelling. In addition, the author wanted to show that Antoinette suffered because he betrayed her but she could not abandon him, as Christophine had advised her to do because she had no money of her own now. When she married Rochester and following the law imposed by the English men, that said that women were supposed to give their husbands their dowries; she gave him all her property. This is evidence to support the fact that Patriarchies imposed their laws, rules, beliefs, etc. over the colonised people. In addition, we can say that these interruptions account for the fact that throughout the novel, there is a shift of power. The voice that is given more right to speak, to express now does not belong to a member of the oppressing society but to a member of the oppressed society. Antoinette and Christophine, who represent the oppressed people, have power over Rochesters retelling. Moreover, on pages 126- 127 we can see how Rochesters mind is invaded by Christophines voice. In that part the point of view, the focalizor changes, although Rochester is still the narrator. 2. On the basis of the previous answer, discuss whether the interruptions of the discursive space contribute to the post-colonial nature of ...

Elizabeth Key and Her History-Changing Lawsuit

Elizabeth Key and Her History-Changing Lawsuit Elizabeth Key (1630 - after 1665) is a key figure in the history of American chattel slavery. She won her freedom in a lawsuit in 17th century colonial Virginia, and her lawsuit may have helped inspire laws making slavery a hereditary condition. Heritage Elizabeth Key was born in 1630, in Warwick County, Virginia. Her mother was a slave from Africa who is unnamed in the record. Her father was an English planter living in Virginia, Thomas Key, who arrived in Virginia before 1616. He served in the Virginia House of Burgesses, the colonial legislature. Accepting Paternity In 1636, a civil case was brought against Thomas Key, alleging that he had fathered Elizabeth. Such suits were common to get a father to accept responsibility to support a child born out of marriage, or to ensure that the father would help to get the child an apprenticeship. Key first denied paternity of the child, claiming that a â€Å"Turk† had fathered the child. (A â€Å"Turk† would have been a non-Christian, which could affect the slave status of the child.) He then accepted paternity and had her baptized as a Christian. Transfer to Higginson At about the same time, he was planning to go to England- perhaps the suit was filed to ensure that he accepted paternity before he left- and he placed the 6-year-old Elizabeth with Humphrey Higginson, who was her godfather. Key specified a term of indenture of nine years, which would bring her to the age of 15, a common time for indenture terms or apprentice terms to expire. In the agreement, he specified that after 9 years, Higginson was to take Elizabeth with him, give her a â€Å"portion,† and then free her to make her own way in the world. Also included in the instructions was that Higginson treat her like a daughter; as later testimony put it, â€Å"user her more Respectfully than a Common servant or slave.† Key then sailed for England, where he died later that year. Colonel Mottram When Elizabeth was about ten years old, Higginson transferred her to a Colonel John Mottram, a justice of the peace- whether it was a transfer or sale is not clear- and he then moved to what is now Northumberland County, Virginia, becoming the first European settler there. He founded a plantation he called Coan Hall. About 1650, Col. Mottram arranged for 20 indentured servants to be brought from England. One of those was William Grinstead, a young lawyer who indentured himself to pay for his passage and work that off during the term of indenture. Grinstead did legal work for Mottram. He also met and fell in love with Elizabeth Key, still held as a bond servant to Mottram, though it was by that time 5 or more years beyond the term of the original agreement between Key and Higginson. Even though Virginia law at that time forbid indentured servants from marrying, having sexual relations or having children, a son, John, was born to Elizabeth Key and William Grinstead. Filing Suit for Freedom In 1655, Mottram died. Those settling the estate assumed that Elizabeth and her son John were slaves for life. Elizabeth and William filed suit in court to recognize both Elizabeth and her son as already free. At the time, the legal situation was ambiguous, with some tradition assuming all â€Å"Negros† were slaves no matter the status of their parents, and other tradition assuming English common law where bondage status followed that of the father. Some other cases held that black Christians could not be slaves for life. The law was especially ambiguous if only one parent was an English subject. The suit was based on two factors: first, that her father was a free Englishman, and under English common law whether one was free or in bondage followed the status of the father; and second, that she had been â€Å"long since Christened† and was a practicing Christian. A number of people testified. One resurrected that old claim that Elizabeth’s father was a â€Å"Turk,† which would have meant neither parent was an English subject. But other witnesses testified that from a very early time, it was common knowledge that Elizabeth’s father was Thomas Key. The key witness was an 80-year-old former servant of Key, Elizabeth Newman. The record also showed that she had been called Black Bess or Black Besse. The court found in her favor and granted her freedom, but an appeal court found that she was not free, because she was a â€Å"Negro.† General Assembly and Retrial Then Grinstead filed a petition for Key with the Virginia General Assembly. The Assembly formed a committee to investigate the facts, and found â€Å"That by the Comon Law the Child of a Woman slave begot by a freeman ought to be free† and also noted that she had been christened and was â€Å"able to give a very good account of her fayth.† The Assembly returned the case to a lower court. There, on July 21, 1656, the court found that Elizabeth Key and her son John were in fact free persons. The court also required that the Mottram estate give her â€Å"Corn Clothes and Satisfaction† for her having served many years beyond the end of her term of service. The court formally â€Å"transferred† to Grinstead â€Å"a maid servant†. That same day, a marriage ceremony was performed and recorded for Elizabeth and William. Life in Freedom Elizabeth had a second son by Grinstead, named William Grinstead II. (Neither son’s birth date is recorded.) Grinstead died in 1661, after only five years of marriage. Elizabeth then married another English settler named John Parse or Pearce. When he died, he left 500 acres to Elizabeth and her sons, which allowed them to live out their lives in peace. There are many descendants of Elizabeth and William Grinstead, including a number of famous people (the actor Johnny Depp is one). Later Laws Before the case, there was, as outlined above, some ambiguity in the legal status of the child of a woman who was in bondage and a free father. The assumption of the Mottram estate that Elizabeth and John were slaves for life was not without precedent. But the idea that all of African descent were permanently in bondage was not universal. Some wills and agreements by owners specified terms of service for African slaves, and also specified land or other goods to be granted at the end of the term of service to aid in their new life as fully free persons. For example, a woman, Jone Johnson, daughter of one Anthony Johnson identified as a Negro, was given 100 acres of land by the Indian ruler Debeada in 1657. Key’s suit won her freedom and established the precedence of the English common law about a child born to a free, English father. In response, Virginia and other states passed laws to override the common law’s assumptions. Slavery in America became more solidly a race-based and hereditary system. Virginia passed these laws: 1660: the term of indentured servitude was limited to five years- for servants from a Christian country1662: a child’s status as free or bond (slave) status was to follow the mother’s status, contrary to English common law1667: being a Christian did not alter status of bondage1670: prohibited Africans from importing any bonded laborers from anywhere (Africa or England included)1681: children of a European mother and African father were to be in bondage to age 30 In Maryland: 1661: a law was passed making all African Americans in the colony slaves, and all African Americans slaves at birth whatever the status of the parents1664: a new law outlawed marriages between European or English women and African (Negro/black) men Note: while the term â€Å"black† or â€Å"Negro† was sometimes used for Africans from the beginning of the presence of people of African descent in colonial America, the term â€Å"white† came into legal usage in Virginia about 1691, with a law referring to â€Å"English or other white women.† Before that, each nationality was described. In 1640, for instance, a court case described a â€Å"Dutchman,† a â€Å"Scotch man† and a â€Å"Negro,† all bond servants who escaped to Maryland. An earlier case, 1625, referred to a â€Å"Negro,† a â€Å"Frenchman,† and â€Å"a Portugall.† More about the early history of black or African women in what is now the United States, including how laws and treatment evolved: Timeline of African American History and Women Also known as: Elizabeth Key Grinstead; due to spelling variations common at the time, last name was variously Key, Keye, Kay and Kaye; married name was variously Grinstead, Greensted, Grimstead, and other spellings; final married name was Parse or Pearce Background, Family: Mother: not namedFather: Thomas Key (or Keye or Kay or Kaye) Marriage, Children: husband: William Grinstead (or Greensted or Grimstead or other spellings) (married July 21, 1656; indentured servant and lawyer)children:John GrinsteadWilliam Grinstead IIhusband: John Parce or Pearce (married about 1661)